===TITLE=== UNIT 5: CLOSEST MEANING SENTENCE :: 20 QUESTIONS ===TIMER=== 20 ===PART=== 1. GRAMMAR :: 20 :: 1 ===SECTION=== Sentence Transformation ===MCQ=== 119. I last saw a tribal dance show three years ago. A. I didn’t see a tribal dance show for three years. B. I have seen a tribal dance show for three years. *C. I haven’t seen a tribal dance show for three years. D. I have seen a tribal dance show since three years. Giải thích: Cấu trúc biến đổi quen thuộc: S + last + V2/ed + … + [thời gian] ago <=> S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + … + for [khoảng thời gian]. (Lần cuối cùng tôi xem là 3 năm trước = Tôi đã không xem trong 3 năm qua). ===MCQ=== 120. This is the first time I have ever ridden a jeep. A. I have ridden a jeep many times before. B. I rode a jeep for the first time recently. C. I haven’t ridden a jeep before this time. *D. I have never ridden a jeep before. Giải thích: Cấu trúc: This is the first time + S + have/has + (ever) + V3/ed <=> S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before. (Đây là lần đầu tiên = Tôi chưa từng… trước đây). ===MCQ=== 121. She started putting up the tents an hour ago. *A. She has put up the tents for an hour. B. She has put up the tents since an hour. C. She puts up the tents for an hour. D. She hasn’t put up the tents for an hour. Giải thích: Cấu trúc: S + started/began + V-ing + [khoảng thời gian] ago <=> S + have/has + V3/ed + for [khoảng thời gian]. (“since” cộng với mốc thời gian nên B sai). ===MCQ=== 122. They haven’t toured a campus since 2021. A. They last toured a campus since 2021. *B. The last time they toured a campus was in 2021. C. They have toured a campus in 2021. D. They didn’t tour a campus in 2021. Giải thích: S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + since [mốc thời gian] <=> The last time + S + V2/ed + was in [mốc thời gian]. (Lần cuối cùng họ tham quan khuôn viên là vào năm 2021). ===MCQ=== 123. It has been a long time since we explored a prehistoric site. A. We explored a prehistoric site for a long time. B. We haven’t explored a prehistoric site since a long time. *C. We haven’t explored a prehistoric site for a long time. D. We didn’t explore a prehistoric site for a long time. Giải thích: Cấu trúc: It has been + [khoảng thời gian] + since + S + V2/ed <=> S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + for [khoảng thời gian]. ===MCQ=== 124. He has never eaten such an amazing local specialty. A. This is an amazing local specialty he has eaten. B. He has eaten this amazing local specialty many times. C. This amazing local specialty has never been eaten by him. *D. This is the most amazing local specialty he has ever eaten. Giải thích: S + have/has + never + V3/ed + such a/an + adj + N <=> This is the + so sánh nhất + N + S + have/has + ever + V3/ed. (Chưa từng ăn món nào ngon như vậy = Đây là món ngon nhất từng ăn). ===MCQ=== 125. I have studied soft skills for two months. *A. I began studying soft skills two months ago. B. I didn’t study soft skills two months ago. C. I haven’t studied soft skills for two months. D. I studied soft skills since two months. Giải thích: S + have/has + V3/ed + for [khoảng thời gian] <=> S + began/started + V-ing + [khoảng thời gian] ago. ===MCQ=== 126. The last time I saw a gong show was when I was a child. A. I saw a gong show since I was a child. *B. I haven’t seen a gong show since I was a child. C. I didn’t see a gong show since I was a child. D. I have seen a gong show when I was a child. Giải thích: The last time + S + V2/ed + was + [mốc thời gian] <=> S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + since [mốc thời gian]. (“when I was a child” là một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ). ===MCQ=== 127. We haven’t sailed a yacht before. A. We sailed a yacht before. B. We didn’t sail a yacht before. *C. This is the first time we have sailed a yacht. D. We have sailed a yacht recently. Giải thích: S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + before <=> This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed. (Chưa làm việc này trước đây = Đây là lần đầu tiên làm). ===MCQ=== 128. She began to climb the mountain at 8 AM. A. She climbed the mountain since 8 AM. B. She has climbed the mountain for 8 AM. C. She climbs the mountain at 8 AM. *D. She has been climbing the mountain since 8 AM. Giải thích: Việc bắt đầu (began) tại một mốc thời gian (8 AM) chuyển sang thì Hiện tại hoàn thành (hoặc HTHT tiếp diễn) đi kèm giới từ “since”. ===MCQ=== 129. I have never felt so embarrassed in my life. *A. This is the most embarrassed I have ever felt. B. I felt embarrassed in my life. C. I haven’t felt embarrassed in my life. D. I have felt embarrassed many times. Giải thích: Tương tự câu 124. (Chưa từng cảm thấy xấu hổ như vậy = Đây là lần xấu hổ nhất từng cảm thấy). “the most embarrassed” (tính từ dùng trong cấu trúc so sánh nhất). ===MCQ=== 130. He hasn’t received a strict assignment for weeks. A. He didn’t receive a strict assignment for weeks. *B. It has been weeks since he last received a strict assignment. C. He has received a strict assignment for weeks. D. He received a strict assignment weeks ago. Giải thích: S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + for [khoảng thời gian] <=> It has been + [khoảng thời gian] + since + S + last + V2/ed. (Đã nhiều tuần kể từ lần cuối anh ấy nhận…). ===MCQ=== 131. They started this exciting team building activity 30 minutes ago. A. They have started this exciting team building activity for 30 minutes. B. They haven’t done this exciting team building activity for 30 minutes. *C. They have been doing this exciting team building activity for 30 minutes. D. They do this exciting team building activity for 30 minutes. Giải thích: Hành động bắt đầu cách đây 30 phút chuyển thành hành động đang kéo dài (have been doing) trong suốt 30 phút (for 30 minutes). (Không dùng “have started for…” vì start là động từ ngắn, không kéo dài). ===MCQ=== 132. This is the most brilliant performance I have ever seen. A. I have ever seen a more brilliant performance. B. I have seen this brilliant performance before. C. I saw a brilliant performance like this. *D. I have never seen such a brilliant performance before. Giải thích: Chuyển đổi từ câu So sánh nhất sang dạng “never… such a… before” (Chưa từng thấy màn biểu diễn nào xuất sắc như thế này trước đây). ===MCQ=== 133. We haven’t taken photos of the stream lately. A. We haven’t taken photos of the stream recently. B. We didn’t take photos of the stream lately. *C. We have taken photos of the stream recently. D. We took photos of the stream recently. *(Lưu ý: Đề gốc cho các option bị nhiễu. “Lately” đồng nghĩa với “Recently” dùng trong câu phủ định. Do đó A là đáp án đồng nghĩa nhất. Tuy nhiên nếu đề muốn kiểm tra từ trái nghĩa, C sẽ đúng. Ở đây chọn A vì đề yêu cầu “Closest meaning”).* *A. We haven’t taken photos of the stream recently. ===MCQ=== 134. I last twisted my ankle when I was playing soccer. A. I twisted my ankle since I was playing soccer. *B. I haven’t twisted my ankle since I played soccer. C. I have twisted my ankle since I played soccer. D. I didn’t twist my ankle when I played soccer. Giải thích: S + last + V2/ed + when + S + V2/ed <=> S + haven’t/hasn’t + V3/ed + since + S + V2/ed. (Lần cuối tôi bị bong gân là khi chơi bóng đá = Tôi không bị bong gân kể từ lúc chơi bóng đá). ===MCQ=== 135. She has never been to such a terrible campsite. A. She has been to a terrible campsite before. B. She didn’t go to a terrible campsite. *C. This is the most terrible campsite she has ever been to. D. She went to a terrible campsite. Giải thích: Tương tự câu 124 và 132. Chuyển đổi từ “never… such” sang câu So sánh nhất (Đây là khu cắm trại tồi tệ nhất cô ấy từng đến). ===MCQ=== 136. They haven’t gone snorkeling since they went to Hawaii. A. They didn’t go snorkeling in Hawaii. B. They have gone snorkeling since Hawaii. C. They went snorkeling in Hawaii recently. *D. The last time they went snorkeling was in Hawaii. Giải thích: (Họ đã không lặn ống thở kể từ khi đến Hawaii = Lần cuối cùng họ lặn là ở Hawaii). “was in Hawaii” hoặc “was when they went to Hawaii”. ===MCQ=== 137. It is a long time since I last danced with local people. *A. I haven’t danced with local people for a long time. B. I didn’t dance with local people for a long time. C. I danced with local people for a long time. D. I have danced with local people for a long time. Giải thích: Tương tự câu 123. It is + [time] + since + S + last + V2/ed <=> S + haven’t + V3/ed + for + [time]. ===MCQ=== 138. He started learning by rote two years ago. A. He didn’t learn by rote two years ago. *B. He has learned by rote for two years. C. He has learned by rote since two years. D. He learns by rote for two years. Giải thích: Bắt đầu học vẹt cách đây 2 năm = Đã học vẹt ĐƯỢC 2 năm (“for two years”). Giới từ “since” không đi với khoảng thời gian (two years).