===TITLE=== UNIT 10: CLOSEST MEANING SENTENCE :: 20 QUESTIONS ===TIMER=== 20 ===PART=== 1. GRAMMAR :: 20 :: 1 ===SECTION=== Sentence Transformation (Non-defining Relative Clauses) ===MCQ=== 1. The Earth is the third planet. It supports human life. A. The Earth which is the third planet supports human life. B. The Earth, that is the third planet, supports human life. C. The Earth, which supports human life is the third planet. *D. The Earth, which is the third planet, supports human life. Giải thích: “The Earth” là danh từ duy nhất -> Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định có dấu phẩy. Không dùng “that”. Bắt buộc có dấu phẩy ở cả 2 đầu của mệnh đề quan hệ xen giữa. (Đáp án D chuẩn nhất về dấu câu). ===MCQ=== 2. Mr. Smith is a well-known scientist. His son joined the science club. *A. Mr. Smith, whose son joined the science club, is a well-known scientist. B. Mr. Smith, who son joined the science club, is a well-known scientist. C. Mr. Smith whose son joined the science club, is a well-known scientist. D. Mr. Smith, whose son joined the science club is a well-known scientist. Giải thích: “His son” -> Thay “His” bằng “whose”. Tên riêng “Mr. Smith” cần mệnh đề có dấu phẩy bao quanh. Dấu phẩy phải ở 2 đầu (đáp án A). ===MCQ=== 3. The bamboo forest is gorgeous. It is being cut down. A. The bamboo forest that is gorgeous, is being cut down. *B. The bamboo forest, which is gorgeous, is being cut down. C. The bamboo forest, which is gorgeous is being cut down. D. The bamboo forest which is gorgeous, is being cut down. Giải thích: Nếu coi “The bamboo forest” đang được nhắc đến cụ thể -> dùng phẩy 2 đầu. (Đáp án B chuẩn dấu phẩy). Không dùng “that” sau phẩy. ===MCQ=== 4. Global warming melts polar ice. It destroys ecological balance. A. Global warming, who melts polar ice, destroys ecological balance. B. Global warming, that melts polar ice, destroys ecological balance. *C. Global warming, which melts polar ice, destroys ecological balance. D. Global warming which melts polar ice, destroys ecological balance. Giải thích: “Global warming” là khái niệm duy nhất -> dùng phẩy 2 đầu. Chỉ sự vật nên dùng “which”. (Không dùng that/who). ===MCQ=== 5. The zebra lives in the grassland. It has black and white stripes. A. The zebra, which has black and white stripes lives in the grassland. B. The zebra that has black and white stripes, lives in the grassland. C. The zebra, who has black and white stripes, lives in the grassland. *D. The zebra, which has black and white stripes, lives in the grassland. Giải thích: Nói về loài ngựa vằn chung (“The zebra”) -> Dùng phẩy 2 đầu (D). Động vật dùng “which”. ===MCQ=== 6. Venus is very bright. It can be seen in the evening. *A. Venus, which is very bright, can be seen in the evening. B. Venus, that is very bright, can be seen in the evening. C. Venus which is very bright, can be seen in the evening. D. Venus, who is very bright, can be seen in the evening. Giải thích: “Venus” là danh từ riêng -> Dùng phẩy 2 đầu. Vật dùng “which”. ===MCQ=== 7. The Mediterranean Sea is heavily polluted. It is a massive water body. A. The Mediterranean Sea, that is a massive water body, is heavily polluted. *B. The Mediterranean Sea, which is a massive water body, is heavily polluted. C. The Mediterranean Sea which is a massive water body, is heavily polluted. D. The Mediterranean Sea, which is a massive water body is heavily polluted. Giải thích: Danh từ riêng -> Dùng phẩy 2 đầu và “which”. ===MCQ=== 8. My mother always appreciates nature. She teaches biology. A. My mother, which teaches biology, always appreciates nature. B. My mother that teaches biology, always appreciates nature. *C. My mother, who teaches biology, always appreciates nature. D. My mother who teaches biology, always appreciates nature. Giải thích: “My mother” là danh từ xác định duy nhất (có sở hữu “My”) -> Dùng phẩy 2 đầu. Chỉ người dùng “who”. ===MCQ=== 9. Pesticides are dangerous. Farmers use them on crops. A. Pesticides, which farmers use them on crops, are dangerous. B. Pesticides that farmers use on crops, are dangerous. C. Pesticides, who farmers use on crops, are dangerous. *D. Pesticides, which farmers use on crops, are dangerous. Giải thích: Nếu giả định “Pesticides” đang nói đến nhóm cụ thể -> Phẩy 2 đầu. Lược bỏ “them” vì “which” đã làm tân ngữ thay thế. ===MCQ=== 10. The moonquake was recorded by scientists. It shook the lunar surface. *A. The moonquake, which shook the lunar surface, was recorded by scientists. B. The moonquake, that shook the lunar surface, was recorded by scientists. C. The moonquake which shook the lunar surface, was recorded by scientists. D. The moonquake, which it shook the lunar surface, was recorded by scientists. Giải thích: Sự kiện cụ thể -> Phẩy 2 đầu, dùng “which”. Không lặp lại “it” (D sai). ===MCQ=== 11. Habitat loss threatens wild animals. It is caused by human expansion. A. Habitat loss, who is caused by human expansion, threatens wild animals. *B. Habitat loss, which is caused by human expansion, threatens wild animals. C. Habitat loss, that is caused by human expansion, threatens wild animals. D. Habitat loss which is caused by human expansion, threatens wild animals. Giải thích: Khái niệm “Habitat loss” -> Phẩy 2 đầu, dùng “which”. ===MCQ=== 12. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It has no liquid water. A. Mercury, that has no liquid water, is the closest planet to the Sun. B. Mercury which has no liquid water, is the closest planet to the Sun. *C. Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun, has no liquid water. D. Mercury, who is the closest planet to the Sun, has no liquid water. Giải thích: Danh từ riêng “Mercury” -> Phẩy 2 đầu, dùng “which”. Mệnh đề 1 chèn vào giữa, mệnh đề 2 đẩy ra sau (C hợp lý nhất). ===MCQ=== 13. The giant giraffe eats tall leaves. Its neck is very long. A. The giant giraffe, who neck is very long, eats tall leaves. B. The giant giraffe, which neck is very long, eats tall leaves. C. The giant giraffe, whose neck is very long eats tall leaves. *D. The giant giraffe, whose neck is very long, eats tall leaves. Giải thích: Chỉ sự sở hữu “Its neck” -> dùng “whose”. Bắt buộc có dấu phẩy ở 2 đầu. ===MCQ=== 14. The food chain is crucial for life. It connects all flora and fauna. *A. The food chain, which connects all flora and fauna, is crucial for life. B. The food chain, that connects all flora and fauna, is crucial for life. C. The food chain which connects all flora and fauna, is crucial for life. D. The food chain, which it connects all flora and fauna, is crucial for life. Giải thích: Dùng “which” và dấu phẩy 2 đầu. Lược bỏ “It”. ===MCQ=== 15. Our coastline is gorgeous. It is facing the effects of climate change. A. Our coastline, that is gorgeous, is facing the effects of climate change. *B. Our coastline, which is gorgeous, is facing the effects of climate change. C. Our coastline which is gorgeous, is facing the effects of climate change. D. Our coastline, who is gorgeous, is facing the effects of climate change. Giải thích: Có tính từ sở hữu “Our” -> xác định. Dùng phẩy 2 đầu và “which”. ===MCQ=== 16. The beaver is an interesting animal. It builds dams in rivers. A. The beaver, that builds dams in rivers, is an interesting animal. B. The beaver, who builds dams in rivers, is an interesting animal. *C. The beaver, which builds dams in rivers, is an interesting animal. D. The beaver which builds dams in rivers, is an interesting animal. Giải thích: Loài hải ly -> Phẩy 2 đầu, dùng “which”. ===MCQ=== 17. Livestock produce a lot of waste. They are raised on farms. A. Livestock, that are raised on farms, produce a lot of waste. B. Livestock, which they are raised on farms, produce a lot of waste. C. Livestock which are raised on farms, produce a lot of waste. *D. Livestock, which are raised on farms, produce a lot of waste. Giải thích: Khái niệm “Livestock” -> Dùng “which” và phẩy 2 đầu. Lược bỏ “They”. ===MCQ=== 18. Mother Earth must be protected. We all live on it. *A. Mother Earth, which we all live on, must be protected. B. Mother Earth, that we all live on, must be protected. C. Mother Earth which we all live on, must be protected. D. Mother Earth, where we all live on, must be protected. Giải thích: Danh từ riêng “Mother Earth” -> Phẩy 2 đầu. Dùng “which” làm tân ngữ cho “live on”. (Không dùng where đi chung với on). ===MCQ=== 19. Geology helps us understand landforms. It is a fascinating subject. A. Geology, that is a fascinating subject, helps us understand landforms. *B. Geology, which is a fascinating subject, helps us understand landforms. C. Geology which is a fascinating subject, helps us understand landforms. D. Geology, who is a fascinating subject, helps us understand landforms. Giải thích: Danh từ riêng/ngành học duy nhất “Geology” -> Phẩy 2 đầu, dùng “which”. ===MCQ=== 20. Outer space is vast. Scientists launch rockets into it. A. Outer space, that scientists launch rockets into, is vast. B. Outer space which scientists launch rockets into, is vast. *C. Outer space, which scientists launch rockets into, is vast. D. Outer space, which scientists launch rockets into it, is vast. Giải thích: Khái niệm không gian vũ trụ -> Phẩy 2 đầu, dùng “which” làm tân ngữ cho “into”. Lược bỏ “it” ở cuối.