Questions 11-16

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Edelman Pottery

11. Heather says pottery differs from other art forms because

A. it lasts longer in the ground. B. it is practised by more people. C. it can be repaired more easily.

12. Archaeologists sometimes identify the use of ancient pottery from

A. the clay it was made with. B. the marks that are on it. C. the basic shape of it.

13. Some people join Heather’s pottery class because they want to

A. create an item that looks very old. B. find something that they are good at. C. make something that will outlive them.

14. What does Heather value most about being a potter?

A. its calming effect B. its messy nature C. its physical benefits

15. Most of the visitors to Edelman Pottery

A. bring friends to join courses. B. have never made a pot before. C. try to learn techniques too quickly.

16. Heather reminds her visitors that they should

A. put on their aprons. B. change their clothes. C. take off their jewellery.

Questions 17 and 18

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO things does Heather explain about kilns?

A. what their function is B. when they were invented C. ways of keeping them safe D. where to put one in your home E. what some people use instead of one

Questions 19 and 20

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO points does Heather make about a potter’s tools?

A. Some are hard to hold. B. Some are worth buying. C. Some are essential items. D. Some have memorable names. E. Some are available for use by participants.

Questions 21 and 22

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO things do the students both believe are responsible for the increase in loneliness?

A. social media B. smaller nuclear families C. urban design D. longer lifespans E. a mobile workforce

Questions 23 and 24

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO health risks associated with loneliness do the students agree are based on solid evidence?

A. a weakened immune system B. dementia C. cancer D. obesity E. cardiovascular disease

Questions 25 and 26

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO opinions do both the students express about the evolutionary theory of loneliness?

A. It has little practical relevance. B. It needs further investigation. C. It is misleading. D. It should be more widely accepted. E. It is difficult to understand.

Questions 27-30

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Loneliness and mental health

27. When comparing loneliness to depression, the students

A. doubt that there will ever be a medical cure for loneliness. B. claim that the link between loneliness and mental health is overstated. C. express frustration that loneliness is not taken more seriously.

28. Why do the students decide to start their presentation with an example from their own experience?

A. to explain how difficult loneliness can be B. to highlight a situation that most students will recognise C. to emphasise that feeling lonely is more common for men than women

29. The students agree that talking to strangers is a good strategy for dealing with loneliness because

A. it creates a sense of belonging. B. it builds self-confidence. C. it makes people feel more positive.

30. The students find it difficult to understand why solitude is considered to be

A. similar to loneliness. B. necessary for mental health. C. an enjoyable experience.

Questions 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Reclaiming urban rivers

Historical background

• Nearly all major cities were built on a river.
• Rivers were traditionally used by city dwellers for transport, fishing and recreation.
• Industrial development and rising populations later led to:

  • more sewage from houses being discharged into the river
  • pollution from 31 on the river bank.

• In 1957, the River Thames in London was declared biologically 32.

Recent improvements

• Seals and even a 33 have been seen in the River Thames.
• Riverside warehouses are converted to restaurants and 34.
• In Los Angeles, there are plans to:

  • build a riverside 35
  • display 36 projects.

• In Paris, 37 are created on the sides of the river every summer.

Transport possibilities

• Over 2 billion passengers already travel by 38 in cities round the world.
• Changes in shopping habits mean the number of deliveries that are made is increasing.
• Instead of road transport, goods could be transported by large freight barges and electric 39 or, in future, by 40.