===TITLE=== UNIT 4: CLOSEST MEANING SENTENCE :: 20 QUESTIONS ===TIMER=== 20 ===PART=== 1. GRAMMAR :: 20 :: 1 ===SECTION=== Sentence Transformation ===MCQ=== 127. What a pity! I don’t know the history of this temple complex. A. I wish I know the history of this temple complex. *B. I wish I knew the history of this temple complex. C. I wish I had known the history of this temple complex. D. I wish I didn’t know the history of this temple complex. Giải thích: Câu gốc ở hiện tại (“don’t know”). Câu điều ước trái ngược hiện tại phải lùi về thì Quá khứ đơn (“knew”). ===MCQ=== 128. He was rebuilding the craft workshop when the earthquake happened. *A. The earthquake happened while he was rebuilding the craft workshop. B. While the earthquake was happening, he rebuilt the craft workshop. C. He rebuilt the craft workshop, and then the earthquake happened. D. As soon as the earthquake happened, he was rebuilding the craft workshop. Giải thích: Câu gốc chỉ một hành động đang diễn ra (was rebuilding) thì hành động khác (happened) xen vào. Cấu trúc A “hành động xen vào + while + hành động đang diễn ra” hoàn toàn đồng nghĩa. ===MCQ=== 129. I regret not taking part in the community service last week. A. I wish I took part in the community service last week. B. I wish I hadn’t taken part in the community service last week. *C. I wish I had taken part in the community service last week. D. I wish I would take part in the community service last week. Giải thích: Câu gốc thể hiện sự hối hận về một việc KHÔNG LÀM trong quá khứ (last week). Điều ước về quá khứ phải chia ở Quá khứ hoàn thành khẳng định (“had taken part”). ===MCQ=== 130. They were observing the religious monument. Suddenly, the lights went out. A. When they observed the religious monument, the lights were going out. *B. The lights went out while they were observing the religious monument. C. Before they observed the religious monument, the lights went out. D. They observed the religious monument after the lights went out. Giải thích: Nối 2 câu đơn thành câu phức: Hành động “were observing” đang diễn ra thì hành động “went out” xen vào. Dùng “while” để đi kèm với thì tiếp diễn. ===MCQ=== 131. It is a shame that we cannot safeguard these antique relics. A. We wish we can safeguard these antique relics. B. We wish we couldn’t safeguard these antique relics. *C. We wish we could safeguard these antique relics. D. We wish we had safeguarded these antique relics. Giải thích: “It is a shame” (Thật đáng tiếc) + hiện tại (cannot). Chuyển sang câu điều ước trái ngược hiện tại phải lùi thì: “cannot” -> “could”. ===MCQ=== 132. Mary was walking barefoot in the park, and she found a lost wallet. A. While Mary found a lost wallet, she was walking barefoot in the park. *B. Mary found a lost wallet while she was walking barefoot in the park. C. Mary was finding a lost wallet when she walked barefoot in the park. D. Mary walked barefoot in the park to find a lost wallet. Giải thích: Hành động đang đi bộ (was walking) bị hành động nhặt được ví (found) xen vào. Câu B diễn tả đúng logic ngữ pháp này. ===MCQ=== 133. I’m sorry that the natural disaster damaged the communal house. A. I wish the natural disaster hasn’t damaged the communal house. B. I wish the natural disaster didn’t damage the communal house. *C. I wish the natural disaster hadn’t damaged the communal house. D. I wish the natural disaster wouldn’t damage the communal house. Giải thích: Câu gốc ở thì quá khứ (damaged). Điều ước trái với sự thật trong quá khứ dùng Quá khứ hoàn thành (hadn’t damaged). ===MCQ=== 134. While the guide was promoting the culture festival, the tourists were taking photos. A. The guide promoted the culture festival when the tourists took photos. *B. Both the guide and the tourists were doing their actions at the same time in the past. C. The tourists took photos after the guide promoted the culture festival. D. The guide was taking photos while the tourists promoted the culture festival. Giải thích: Cấu trúc “While + Past Continuous, Past Continuous” diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra song song, đồng thời trong quá khứ. ===MCQ=== 135. She doesn’t remember the basic rules of the traditional game. *A. She wishes she remembered the basic rules of the traditional game. B. She wishes she remembers the basic rules of the traditional game. C. She wishes she had remembered the basic rules of the traditional game. D. She wishes she didn’t remember the basic rules of the traditional game. Giải thích: Câu gốc ở hiện tại (doesn’t remember). Điều ước trái hiện tại lùi về Quá khứ đơn (remembered). ===MCQ=== 136. I was wearing my seat belt when the accident occurred. A. The accident occurred before I wore my seat belt. *B. While I was wearing my seat belt, the accident occurred. C. I wore my seat belt because the accident occurred. D. When the accident was occurring, I wore my seat belt. Giải thích: “When + hành động xen vào (quá khứ đơn)” = “While + hành động đang diễn ra (quá khứ tiếp diễn)”. ===MCQ=== 137. It’s a pity my friend isn’t here to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with me. *A. I wish my friend was here to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with me. B. I wish my friend is here to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with me. C. I wish my friend had been here to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with me. D. I wish my friend wouldn’t be here to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with me. Giải thích: Câu gốc ở hiện tại (isn’t here). Điều ước trái hiện tại lùi về quá khứ đơn (was/were). (Lưu ý: “was” được chấp nhận trong tiếng Anh giao tiếp thay cho “were”). ===MCQ=== 138. They were deciding how to protect the pagoda when the mayor arrived. A. The mayor arrived after they decided how to protect the pagoda. *B. While they were deciding how to protect the pagoda, the mayor arrived. C. When the mayor was arriving, they decided how to protect the pagoda. D. They decided how to protect the pagoda while the mayor arrived. Giải thích: “were deciding” là hành động đang diễn ra (đi với while), “arrived” là hành động xen vào. ===MCQ=== 139. I regret that I ate too much pancake and ketchup yesterday. A. I wish I didn’t eat too much pancake and ketchup yesterday. B. I wish I wouldn’t eat too much pancake and ketchup yesterday. *C. I wish I hadn’t eaten too much pancake and ketchup yesterday. D. I wish I haven’t eaten too much pancake and ketchup yesterday. Giải thích: Sự hối tiếc về việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ (ate… yesterday) dùng cấu trúc điều ước Quá khứ hoàn thành (hadn’t eaten). ===MCQ=== 140. While we were talking face to face, she discovered the truth. A. She discovered the truth when we talked face to face. *B. She discovered the truth while we were talking face to face. C. We were talking face to face because she discovered the truth. D. While she was discovering the truth, we talked face to face. Giải thích: Cấu trúc tương đương. Đảo mệnh đề chính (quá khứ đơn) lên trước mệnh đề “while” (quá khứ tiếp diễn). ===MCQ=== 141. What a shame you don’t take pride in your home life. *A. I wish you took pride in your home life. B. I wish you take pride in your home life. C. I wish you had taken pride in your home life. D. I wish you didn’t take pride in your home life. Giải thích: Sự tiếc nuối ở hiện tại (don’t take pride). Lùi về thì quá khứ đơn (took pride). ===MCQ=== 142. The children were enjoying the five-coloured sticky rice when the bell rang. *A. The bell rang while the children were enjoying the five-coloured sticky rice. B. While the bell was ringing, the children enjoyed the five-coloured sticky rice. C. The children enjoyed the five-coloured sticky rice before the bell rang. D. The bell rang so the children were enjoying the five-coloured sticky rice. Giải thích: Hành động đang ăn xôi (enjoying – đi với while) thì tiếng chuông vang lên xen ngang (rang). ===MCQ=== 143. I am sorry I didn’t recognize the magnificent castle. A. I wish I recognize the magnificent castle. B. I wish I recognized the magnificent castle. *C. I wish I had recognized the magnificent castle. D. I wish I would recognize the magnificent castle. Giải thích: Lời xin lỗi/hối tiếc về hành động ở quá khứ (didn’t recognize). Điều ước dùng Quá khứ hoàn thành (had recognized). ===MCQ=== 144. While they were occupying the ancient monument, the army attacked. *A. The army attacked while they were occupying the ancient monument. B. They occupied the ancient monument while the army was attacking. C. The army attacked after they occupied the ancient monument. D. While the army attacked, they were occupying the ancient monument. Giải thích: Đổi trật tự 2 mệnh đề, giữ nguyên “while” đi kèm với mệnh đề chia ở quá khứ tiếp diễn. ===MCQ=== 145. It’s unfortunate that the local people don’t benefit from the tourism here. *A. I wish the local people benefited from the tourism here. B. I wish the local people benefit from the tourism here. C. I wish the local people had benefited from the tourism here. D. I wish the local people didn’t benefit from the tourism here. Giải thích: “It’s unfortunate” (thật không may) + hiện tại (don’t benefit). Lùi một thì để tạo câu điều ước ở hiện tại (benefited). ===MCQ=== 146. I regret giving up my friendship with him years ago. A. I wish I gave up my friendship with him years ago. B. I wish I didn’t give up my friendship with him years ago. *C. I wish I hadn’t given up my friendship with him years ago. D. I wish I wouldn’t give up my friendship with him years ago. Giải thích: “Regret + V-ing” (Hối tiếc vì đã làm gì trong quá khứ). Dùng câu ước trái sự thật trong quá khứ bằng Quá khứ hoàn thành (hadn’t given up).